重新开放的餐厅是否意味着更多的冠状病毒病例？
Across America, states that had shut down to flatten the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic are reopening for business—including, to varying degrees, dine-in service at restaurants and bars. But though people can adhere to government guidelines, the coronavirus plays by its own rules. That unfortunate reality was underscored this week witha CNN reportthat 22 states are seeing upward trends in COVID-19 cases. (《纽约时报》也表现出色visual, state-by-state assessmentof these trends.)
Needless to say, we all想回到餐厅(and, for some us, to an even greater extent, bars), but by doing so, are we potentially contributing to an uptick in coronavirus cases? And if the number of cases is on the rise, are diners使自己处于危险之中by patronizing these restaurants that are so desperately in need of our business?
自相矛盾的是，回到餐馆（从冠状病毒传播方式的本质上）似乎不可避免地会导致更多案件。但是与此同时，戏弄餐馆和酒吧是否特别是案件中任何特定增加的原因。
“随着美国各地的餐馆和酒吧在美国重新开放，我们当然已经看到Covid-19案件有所增加。”UCLA公共卫生学院社区健康科学和流行病学系的副教授Shira Shafir通过电子邮件告诉我：the same time as the opening of other venues like parks, beaches, and retail stores—it’s impossible to know contact that occurred in the restaurants or bars was responsible.”
无论如何，风险因素存在。“Indoor restaurants pose high risk for infection because they are often poorly ventilated and strangers sit in close proximity to each other for long periods of time,” Alicia Riley, a postdoctoral scholar of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco’s School of Medicine, explained to me. “Also, one of the main ways to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets is through universal mask wearing. Restaurant workers can and should wear masks, but it is impossible for customers to wear masks while eating and drinking. So yes, there will be transmission through indoor dining.”
At the same time, however, restaurants also have an inherent mitigating factor: Food service establishments are already subject to scrutiny from the health department. Angela G. Clendenin—an instructional assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at Texas A&M University’s School of Public Health who has been working with local health officials—points out this means that restaurant owners are acutely aware of the impact of illness.
“I’ve actually gone out to restaurants here in my community because I am a big believer in trying to support those businesses,” she told me, “and from what I’m seeing, most of the restaurants understand what’s at stake, and they’re doing what they can within the parameters of their operating environment to keep their employees safe and to keep their patrons safe.”
“[All restaurants] have to be inspected by the local health authority,” Clendenin continued, “and if they find out through somebody calling in and saying, ‘Hey, I just had dinner at Restaurant A and they’re not following the guidance that we know they’re supposed to be providing,’ it’s going to result in an inspection and they could get shut down again.”
年代hafir reminded me that, in her own city of Los Angeles, where restaurantsare also finally reopening, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health has taken a similar measure, including restaurants on itspublic list与Covid-19的地方相关的地方。
因此，克伦丁宁建议对案件增加的责任可能不在州一级，而是归结于个人地区，甚至是个人餐厅。她解释说：“遵循当地卫生当局提供的指南，这些餐馆的所有人的所有人如何。”“有些人做得很好，他们设法能够以适当的距离使人们坐下。他们使用了适当的卫生。他们中的许多人都去了纸菜单，塑料器皿和一次性盘子。因此，他们一直在尽自己的一份力量来减少案件的数量，但情况并非总是如此。”
另一个问题也很容易被忽视：正如莱利对我所强调的那样，客户可能不是餐厅重新开放会导致冠状病毒感染增加的唯一原因。无证件移民（餐饮业劳动力的重要部分）也将重返工作岗位。这些员工在关闭期间没有资格获得政府财政援助，许多员工缺乏医疗保健。赖利说：“这些工人及其家人在保护自己免受曝光范围时处于极大的劣势，因为工作是他们唯一的收入来源。”“不可避免的是，随着越来越多的州重新开放，越来越多的食品行业和餐馆工人会因19岁而生病。”亚搏电竞
Ultimately though, for consumers, the big question becomes if dine-in restaurants are likely to increase the spread of COVID-19, is it safe to go to a restaurant or not?
赖利告诉我：“我认为在室内餐厅用餐不可能是低风险的活动，或者很快就会发生。”“感染的风险将在当地有所不同，这将取决于餐厅的身体特征（座位间距，通风以及人们在那里度过的时间）。”
Clendenin agreed risk was involved, but also reminded me that the onus shouldn’t fall entirely on owners. “We’re going to be living like this, and restauranteurs and bar owners can only do so much,” she said. “It really is the individual responsibility of every patron to be compliant with what they are asked to do by the restauranteurs and bar owners, to do those things that are good hand hygiene, wearing masks when they’re out and about, minimizing opportunities for transition to the best of their ability, and that’s the only way we’re going to get ahead of this.”
None of this is to say you shouldn’t support restaurants, many of which are in dire need of your business to stay in business. However, you should consider the risks, especially if you are at high risk. “We will each have to approach dining in restaurants by being mindful of our local situation of COVID-19—which is changing daily—and being mindful of our own vulnerabilities to severe infection if exposed,” Riley continued. “But if you are committed to playing it safe, then takeout is the way to go!”
You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7877, "lastModified": "2022-04-13T07:56:30.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42462, "lastModified": "2022-04-09T20:23:44.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6782, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T20:21:56.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 72465, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10515, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T16:53:05.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 90704, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 21652, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T19:59:07.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6714, "lastModified": "2022-04-15T13:47:50.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 110467, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T21:54:00.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 12539, "lastModified": "2022-04-15T04:25:24.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3692, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2887, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T16:53:05.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6238, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T02:40:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 30907, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T21:54:00.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 91537, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 903, "lastModified": "2022-04-13T08:42:51.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 90583, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9628, "lastModified": "2022-04-02T03:33:09.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11549, "lastModified": "2022-04-07T19:20:32.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17826, "lastModified": "2022-04-11T05:57:54.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11564, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T21:54:00.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 15241, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6960, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T20:21:56.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 95822, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T19:59:07.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11570, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T02:40:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 74507, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10418, "lastModified": "2022-04-13T01:51:37.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 33091, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T19:59:07.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 22217, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T02:40:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8831, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T16:53:05.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5132, "lastModified": "2022-04-16T20:21:56.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 93406, "lastModified": "2022-04-17T01:58:46.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here's How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Know Some Things About Some Things." }, { "result_starting_range": 7, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Stay Updated with Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 8, "result_description": "Terrific. Keep reading about COIVD-19 on Health.com and stay safe!
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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