Saturated fat isn't the whole story.
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信用:Danny Kim时间

多年来,专家推荐过全脂肪版本的低脂乳制品,其卡路里含有更高,含有更多饱和的脂肪。然而,最近的研究表明全脂乳品实际上可能是healthier than its reputation suggests,并且吃饱乳制品的人并不容易发生心血管疾病和2型糖尿病,而不是消耗低脂肪乳制品的人。它们甚至可能不太可能获得体重。

Now,new researchpublished Tuesday inThe Lancet,增加了那个证据。

The research suggests that eating dairy products of all kinds is associated with a lower risk of premature death, cardiovascular disease and stroke. “About three servings of dairy a day is associated with a lower risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease,” says study co-author Mahshid Dehghan, a nutrition epidemiology researcher at the Population Health Research Institute in Canada. “We are suggesting that dairy is healthy, and people should be encouraged to consume dairy.”

TheDietary Guidelines for Americansalso recommend consuming about three servings of dairy per day, but specify that these foods should be fat-free or low-fat. The new research, however, suggests that full-fat dairy can also be part of a healthy diet. While there was stronger data for milk and yogurt consumption than黄油cheese乳制品在研究中消耗的乳制品比低脂肪产品更加肥胖,这表明这些结果对全脂乳制品尤其适用。亚搏电竞

观察研究基于来自大约136,000名成年人的数据,参加了预期城乡流行病学(纯)研究,该研究将21个国家的人民从五大洲收集饮食和健康信息。(美国不是其中,而是加拿大。超过九年的后续行动,大约10,500人死于或有一个主要的心血管问题,如心脏病发作或中风。

Dairy consumption, the researchers found, was associated with a lower risk of both outcomes. Compared to people who didn’t eat dairy, those who consumed more than two servings per day had lower total mortality rates (3.4% versus 5.6%) and cardiovascular mortality rates (0.9% versus 1.6%). They also had lower rates of major cardiovascular disease (3.5% versus 4.9%) and stroke (1.2% versus 2.9%).

并且在只吃全脂乳制品的人中,那些每天消耗三个份的人的死亡率低于每天吃不到0.5份的人数较低(3.3%对4.4%)。

That finding suggests that vilifying whole-fat dairy solely because of its higher saturated fat content — even though plenty ofresearch does link saturated fat to heart disease— may not capture the whole picture, Dehghan says.

“Focusing on low-fat is predominantly based on the assumption that saturated fat增加LDL胆固醇,” she says. “But dairy contains many other components [which may be healthy] — amino acids, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium. They can be fermented and have probiotics. We should not focus on a single nutrient.” And the rest of the diet matters, too; eating dairy is likely better thanloading up refined carbohydrates根据最近的研究。

新研究有几个限制。该研究参与者在研究期初仅完成了一项饮食调查,因此结果并未随着时间的推移捕获饮食模式的变化。就衡量心血管疾病的长期健康结果而言,九年的后续时间也相对较短。和观察研究永远无法证明原因和效果,只有指出模式和关联。

Plus, while patterns were consistent across regions, many of the countries in the PURE study are low- or middle-income. Residents of these nations tend to eat less dairy than people in wealthy countries, which may mean they stand to benefit more from increasing consumption than people in the U.S. and other developed areas. There also was not much data for people eating more than three servings of dairy per day, which means it wasn’t possible to say how very heavy consumption affects health.

包括Boehringer Ingelheim和Glaxosmithkline在内的制药公司还帮助资助了该研究,尽管他们没有参与该研究的设计或生产。glaxosmithkline让Horlicks.,牛奶型营养饮料,而Boehringer Ingelheim的动物健康部门为奶牛制作药物.

An accompanying editorial written by Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, from the University of Hong Kong, and Anna Rangan, from the University of Sydney — both of whom have ties to Dairy Australia — says the study should not be treated as “the ultimate seal of approval for recommending whole-fat dairy over its low-fat or skimmed counterparts. Readers should be cautious and should treat this study only as yet another piece of evidence (albeit a large one) in the literature.”

Dehghan takes a similarly measured approach to the results, adding that the study is important in part because it broadens nutrition research beyond its traditionally North American and European epicenters.

“We are suggesting that dairy products should not be discouraged and perhaps even should be encouraged, especially in low- and middle-income countries where dairy consumption is low, or among individuals who consume very low amounts of dairy,” she says.